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Cbo gdp growth. Jan 17, 2025 · The Economic Outlook CBO’s economic projections show a slightly improved economy in the near term since its baseline in June 2024. In CBO’s economic projections, the economy grows more slowly in calendar years 2025 and 2026 than it did in 2024. Jan 17, 2025 · In CBO’s projections, federal budget deficits total $20 trillion over the 2025–2034 period and federal debt held by the public reaches 116 percent of GDP. At a Glance Each year, the Congressional Budget Office publishes a report presenting its projections of what the federal budget and the economy would look like over the next 30 years if current laws generally remained unchanged. 3 percent and 2. CBO will publish its budget and economic projections for 2024 to 2034 early next year in its annual Budget and Economic Outlook. At a Glance In this report, the Congressional Budget Ofice provides additional details about the economic forecast that it published, along with the agency’s baseline budget projections, in The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2025 to 2035 earlier this year. 5 percent of GDP in 2054. Jul 26, 2023 · In CBO’s latest projections, economic growth slows and then picks up over the 2023–2025 period. In CBO’s projections, the surge boosts total nominal gross domestic product (GDP) by $1. 0 trillion per year from 2024 to 2033. 5 percent, and then to average 2. 7 trillion. Growth generates more revenue for our country, reduces spending by lifting American families out of poverty and of government dependence, allowing taxpayers to May 22, 2025 · In CBO’s assessment, average annual real GDP growth would be 0. 9 percent. Jun 6, 2024 · Reported is based on reported GDP and Jun CBO estimated potential GDP. How changes in Feb 4, 2025 · Projections from the Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO) latest Budget and Economic Outlook underscore the urgent challenge for the 119th Congress to begin to address the unsustainable level of deficit financing. 3 Uncertainty of CBO’s Projections of Economic Output Jun 18, 2024 · In CBO’s projections, the deficit totals nearly $2 trillion this year. . Mar 4, 2021 · The Policy Growth Model (PGM) is one in a suite of models that the Congressional Budget Office uses to analyze how economic growth and the federal budget interact: How estimates of economic growth affect projections of federal budget variables, such as spending, tax rates, and deficits. Projecting Different Economic Conditions CBO’s long-term budget projections depend on its forecasts of economic factors, including productivity growth and interest rates, and on the sensitivity of private investment to budget deficits. 8 percent average annual real GDP growth, 2. CBO projects moderate economic growth during that period. Apr 3, 2025 · To accompany the long-term budget outlook, CBO released its long-term projections for the US economy. Primary deficits are especially large given the forecast of low unemployment rates; those deficits average Since June 2024, when CBO published its previous full economic forecast, the agency’s projections of the average growth rate of real GDP over the 2024–2026 period have changed little. Over the 2023–2025 period, in CBO’s latest projections: Economic growth slows and then picks up. Economic growth slows to 2. 7 percent. (CBO’s economic forecast is consistent with its budget projections, which are required by the Deficit Control Act to reflect Dec 10, 2024 · When deficits are high, cutting spending is its own supply-side reform. 1 percent PCE inflation, and a 3. 8% growth each year for the next decade 6 days ago · CBO estimates the effects on the economy of a government shutdown that ends after four weeks, six weeks, and eight weeks. Jun 18, 2025 · In addition to boosting economic growth, CBO estimates that OBBBA would increase price levels and interest rates. CBO’s dynamic score finds the OBBBA would increase real gross domestic product (real GDP) by 0. The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2025 to 2035 The Congressional Budget Office regularly publishes reports presenting its baseline projections of what the federal budget and the economy would look like in the current year and over the next 10 years if laws governing taxes and spending generally remained unchanged. The Congressional Budget Office periodically updates its economic forecast to reflect recent economic developments and changes in laws that affect taxes and spending. CBO currently projects higher inflation in 2022 and 2023 than it did last July; prices are increasing more rapidly across many sectors of the economy than CBO anticipated. SEPTEMBER | 2025 The Congressional Budget Office periodically updates its economic forecast to reflect changes in laws that affect revenues and spending, recent economic devel-opments, and updated demographic projections. CBO projects 1. Released on Thursday, the CBO’s 2025–2055 outlook forecasts a significant slowdown in the pace of economic expansion, with real GDP growth In CBO’s projections of the outlook under current law, deficits remain large by historical standards, federal debt grows to 98 percent of GDP by 2030, and the economy expands at an average annual rate of 1. Productivity Growth. 2 to 6. May 25, 2022 · Changes in CBO’s Economic Projections The agency’s projection of real GDP growth is similar to what it was last summer for 2022, higher for 2023 and 2024, and similar over the remainder of the projection period. CBO expects spending on these three areas to grow from 14. 3 trillion, federal debt will reach 102 percent of GDP, and real GDP will grow by 3. Mar 17, 2025 · Graph and download economic data for Real Potential Gross Domestic Product (GDPPOT) from Q1 1949 to Q4 2035 about projection, real, GDP, and USA. 8 trillion over 10 years. CBO estimates that there is approximately a two- thirds chance that from 2024 to 2034, real GDP will grow by a total of between 15 percent and 29 percent, and the annual growth rate of real GDP will average between 1. Read more about the bill's specific provisions here. Slower productivity growth, in turn, would affect other economic variables, such as wage rates and interest rates. Real GDP growth is expected to weaken to 1. Real GDP increased by 1. 8 to 8. Economic growth slows to 1. Jun 18, 2025 · To estimate longer-term effects of the bill on real GDP, CBO used a Solow-type growth model to translate changes in labor supply, the capital stock, and TFP into changes in potential output. According to the White House Office of Management and Budget, every additional one percent of sustained GDP growth will result in $600 billion in new revenues over 5 years and $2. CBO’s Feb 15, 2023 · In CBO’s projections, the federal deficit totals $1. Source: BEA (2024Q1 2nd release, CBO February Budget and Economic Outlook, CBO June Economic Outlook update, Federal Reserve, and author’s calculations. 1 CBO’s current projections also show Jan 17, 2025 · The Congressional Budget Office has released its January 2025 Budget and Economic Outlook that projects the nation's fiscal future over the next decade. 04 percentage points higher over the entire 2025-2034 period relative to the agency’s January 2025 projections. Interest rates rose in 2023 as the federal funds rate increased to its highest level since 2001. CBO’s latest projections update its May 2023 baseline to account for subsequent legislation and executive actions, recent trends in inflation, immigration, interest rates, and economic growth, and other factors. 4 percent from 2024 to 2027. Sep 15, 2025 · Key Excerpts from CBO’s “ Current View of the Economy From 2025 to 2028 ”: Greater economic growth thanks to the 2025 working families tax cuts: “Growth next year is 0. In this scenario, productivity growth is 0. This report provides details about CBO’s most recent projections of the economy through 2025, which Jan 3, 2025 · The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) anticipates that short-term interest rates over the next several quarters will be lower than previously reported, but longer-term rates will be somewhat higher. 09 percentage points higher from 2025 to 2029 and 0. May 9, 2024 · In the first two years after passage of the Trump tax cuts, GDP growth was a full percentage point higher than CBO’s pre-TCJA forecast. Jan 17, 2025 · In CBO’s projections, the federal budget deficit is $1. 1 percent in 2023. The BASELINE and REVENUES As outlined in House Budget Committee’s FY24 – FY33 “Reverse the Curse” Budget Resolution Blueprint: economic growth is essential to reining-in our deficits and reducing our nation’s indebtedness. Jun 18, 2025 · Source: CBO. The Congressional Budget Office’s economic forecast is used primarily as an input to the agency’s 10-year federal budget projections and analyses of legislative proposals. After 2023, growth accelerates as monetary policy The output of the U. 6 trillion in 2034. After accounting for Growth in real GDP, driven by consumer spending and by business and residential investment during the next few years, will be modest over the coming decade, CBO projects. The long-term budget projections typically follow CBO’s 10-year baseline budget projections and then extend most of the concepts underlying them for an additional 20 Mar 28, 2025 · The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has delivered a sobering long-term forecast for the US economy, projecting three decades of slower growth, spiralling debt, and rising fiscal pressures driven by demographic shifts and rising interest costs. 3 percent in calendar year 2024, compared to 2. 0 percent this year, as the growth of consumer spending slows and as the growth rate of The U. 0 percent in 2022. As the effects of fiscal stimulus wane, projected economic growth falls back below the historical average. The Congressional Budget Office periodically updates its economic forecast to ensure that its projections reflect recent economic developments and current law. By statutory requirement, CBO produces annual reports outlining the agency’s projections of what the federal budget and the economy would Jan 17, 2025 · CBO regularly publishes economic projections that are consistent with current law—providing a basis for its estimates of federal revenues, outlays, deficits, and debt. Real (inflation-adjusted) GDP growth accelerates in 2025 after the Federal Reserve responds to weaker economic conditions in 2024 by lowering interest rates. Sep 10, 2025 · CBO analyzes trends in immigration and policy proposals that would affect immigration—in particular, by estimating the budgetary effects (and sometimes the economic effects) of those proposals. 8% and that is absurd,” said White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt. 1 percent in 2023 in real terms (that is, adjusted to remove the effects of inflation). 7 percent per year from 2024 to 2054, slightly slower than the growth of real potential GDP—the maximum sustainable output of the economy—over that period. 5 percent over the 2025–2034 period. 2 In CBO’s projections, the growth of real GDP weakens to 2. 5 percentage points lower in CBO’s current projections than it was in the agency’s January 2025 projections, primarily because the negative effects on output stemming from new tariffs CBO regularly publishes data to accompany some of its key reports. Economic growth then averages roughly 1. Those projections reflect economic developments and current law as of December 4, 2024. For example, under current law, a tax provision May 25, 2022 · At a Glance The Congressional Budget Office regularly publishes reports presenting its baseline projections of what the federal budget and the economy would look like in the current year and over the next 10 years if current laws governing taxes and spending generally remained unchanged. That initial slowdown in economic growth drives up unemployment. 6 days ago · In CBO’s assessment, the shutdown will delay federal spending and have a negative effect on the economy that will mostly, but not entirely, reverse once the shutdown ends. 3 Adjusted for inflation, actual revenue closely matched CBO’s 2018 forecast with one outlier year (2022, addressed below), running counter to claims that higher economic growth from the TCJA led to a sustained increase in Economic Effects Some of the projected budgetary effects of the immigration surge stem from broader changes in the economy that the surge is expected to bring about. Feb 1, 2021 · In CBO’s projections, the annual growth of real (inflation-adjusted) GDP exceeds that of real potential GDP until 2026 and then falls below it. The output gap between real GDP and real potential GDP is positive for several years, starting in 2025, before moving back toward its historical average. With interest, we estimate it In CBO’s projections, which reflect the assumption that current laws governing federal taxes and spending generally remain unchanged, most components of GDP grow slowly in 2023, and real residential investment and real inventory investment both decline (see Table 2). 9 trillion over the 2024–2034 period. CBO examines its forecasts of output growth, the unemployment rate, inflation, interest rates, and wages and salaries. Jan 22, 2025 · While CBO projected roughly 16 percent cumulative inflation between 2018 and 2024, prices actually rose by 25 percent. Inflation continues to gradually decline. economy—as measured by the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP)—grew by 3. As a result of higher borrowing, CBO estimates the bill will boost the ten-year Treasury yield by an average of 14 basis points – and presumably more by the end of the decade. Rising debt will increasingly create a drag on economic growth, fuel inflation, and elevate interest rates for families and businesses. history. In CBO’s projections Feb 23, 2024 · Our nation’s fiscal trajectory is unsustainable, a reality underscored by the Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO) February 2024 report on the budget and economic outlook of the United States. After 2023, the growth of real GDP accelerates. Jun 4, 2025 · The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released an updated cost estimate for the House-passed One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) today, projecting that the bill would add over $2. It is a current-law forecast: It reflects the assumption that current laws generally will not change, but that scheduled policy changes built into current laws will occur. 2 Feb 4, 2025 · Projections from the Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO) latest Budget and Economic Outlook underscore the urgent challenge for the 119th Congress to begin to address the unsustainable level of deficit financing. At a Glance The Congressional Budget Office regularly publishes reports presenting projections of what federal budget deficits, debt, revenues, and spending—and the economic path underlying them—would be for the current year and for the following 10 years if current laws governing taxes and spending generally remained unchanged. 3 trillion (or 3. May 25, 2022 · A report released by the Congressional Budget Office on Wednesday estimates that real gross domestic product, or GDP, will advance 3. In CBO’s projections, real (inflation-adjusted) GDP grows at an average rate of 1. May 28, 2025 · The Congressional Budget Office projects that if current laws governing revenues and spending generally remained unchanged, federal debt held by the public, boosted by large deficits, would increase from 100 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2025 to 156 percent of GDP in 2055—exceeding any previously recorded level and on track to increase further. 2 percent) in 2034 and by $8. Jul 21, 2025 · Today, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released its final conventional score of the recently-enacted reconciliation bill known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA). Rising budget deficits, rapidly increasing debt, and significant interest payments on the debt pose threats to economic growth, policymakers’ ability to address domestic and global challenges, and Mar 20, 2024 · The Federal Budget The deficit increases significantly in relation to gross domestic product (GDP) over the next 30 years, reaching 8. That growth results from rising interest costs and large and sustained primary deficits, which exclude net outlays for interest. 8 percent in 2026 and later years. 2 percent of GDP in FY 2025 to 19. 4 percent lower in 2035 than the agency forecasts (see Table 1). 4 trillion to the primary deficit through 2034. This report is the latest in the series. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate decreases from a peak of over 14 percent in the third quarter of 2020 to 5. Deficits also expand in relation to the size of the economy, from 5. In CBO’s projections, strong GDP growth continues through 2024 but at a slower pace (see Figure 1). 0 percent projected in June. 9 percent average ten-year Treasury yield from 2025 to 2034. This report explains recent changes that have affected CBO’s projections and provides details about the agency’s latest economic forecast—namely, its projections of Compared with the 30-year economic projections that the Congressional Budget Office published last year, the agency’s current projections show slower average annual growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) from calendar year 2025 to 2054 (the final year of the previous long-term projection period). The federal budget deficit would In CBO’s projections, real GDP grows at an average rate of 1. 1 percent, and interest from 3. 7 percent from 2021 to 2030. Early next year, the agency will Feb 7, 2024 · The Congressional Budget Office released its February 2024 Budget and Economic Outlook today, projecting the nation’s fiscal and economic future over the next decade. Variables Examined. In particular, health care spending will grow from 5. 4 percent annual rate during the second half of 2023; for the year as a whole, real GDP increases by 0. In addition to limited growth effects, CBO highlights that the increased borrowing as a result of Feb 7, 2024 · In CBO’s projections, federal budget deficits total $20 trillion over the 2025–2034 period and federal debt held by the public reaches 116 percent of GDP. GOP lawmakers say the CBO isn’t giving enough credit to the economic growth the bill will create, to the point where it would be deficit-neutral in the long run, if not better. This report provides details about CBO’s latest projections of the economy through 2027 (see Table 1). GDP growth by up to 2 percent. 0 percent over the remainder of the budgetary window. CBO assumes short-term changes in real GDP would be driven by an increase in aggregate demand as most households’ incomes after Chapter 2: The Economic Outlook Gross Domestic Product and Its Components Inflation Interest Rates The Labor Market Income Uncertainty About the Economic Outlook Comparison With CBO’s February 2024 Economic Projections Comparison With Other Economic Projections Mar 27, 2025 · Extending the 10-year budget projections it published on January 17, 2025, CBO projects that federal debt held by the public, boosted by sustained deficits, will grow far beyond any previously recorded level over the next 30 years. 7 percent to 1. 6 percent per year from 2025 to 2055, slightly slower than the growth of real potential GDP—the maximum sustainable output of the economy—over that period. Jun 2, 2025 · “The CBO sometimes gets projections correct, but they’re always off every single time when they project economic growth,” Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La. Mar 27, 2025 · The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) just released its March 2025 Long-Term Budget and Economic Outlook, its first full thirty-year baseline and economic forecast since March 2024. Jun 23, 2025 · Several organizations — including CBO, Penn Wharton Budget Model, Tax Foundation, Tax Policy Center, and the Budget Lab at Yale — have evaluated OBBBA and found that it would have little effect on economic growth and certainly not enough to fully offset the fiscal costs of the legislation. The economic forecast, which was locked in in early December 2022, is overall more pessimistic than the Federal Reserve’s Apr 29, 2024 · To show how variations in economic conditions might affect its budget projections, CBO analyzed how revenues, outlays, and deficits might change if the values of key economic variables differed from those in the agency’s forecast. 1 on the incentives to work and invest and on At a Glance The Congressional Budget Office regularly publishes its baseline projections of what the federal budget and the economy would look like in the current year and the following 10 years if current laws governing federal taxes and spending generally remained unchanged. R. In 2026 and 2027, reve-nues increase Jul 14, 2025 · CBO's forecasts of important economic variables (output growth, the unemployment rate, inflation, interest rates, and wages and salaries) tend to be more accurate than those of the Administration and the Blue Chip consensus, and roughly half of CBO's two-year forecasts are more accurate than those produced by the SPF. ) argued during an appearance on NBC’s Jan 28, 2019 · In CBO’s projections, deficits remain large by historical standards, and federal debt grows to equal 93 percent of GDP by 2029. 2 to 5. Jan 24, 2017 · If current laws remained generally unchanged, deficits would follow an upward trajectory over the next decade, driving up federal debt. Although that growth in actual output leads to lower unemployment rates and higher income in CBO’s forecast, it also creates demand for goods, services, and labor that exceeds the economy’s long-run capacity to supply them In CBO’s projections, real GDP grows at an average rate of 1. Economy Economic growth slows in 2024 as unemployment increases, partly as a result of tight monetary policy. Purpose of CBO’s Economic Forecast The forecast is used primarily as an input to CBO’s 10-year federal budget projections and analyses of legislative proposals. 5 percent through 2014. How CBO Analyzed the Effects of the Expiring Provisions For this analysis, CBO compared its economic forecast with an alternative benchmark that is based on a scenario in which the expiring individual income tax provisions of the 2017 tax act are permanently extended. Mar 27, 2025 · – Today, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released its annual long-term budget outlook detailing the nation’s dismal fiscal health. Jan 17, 2025 · CBO regularly assesses the state of the economy and prepares economic projections that underlie the agency’s projections for the federal budget and cost estimates for proposed legislation. CBO estimates that the legislation will add $3. For example, under current law, a tax provision May 30, 2025 · President Donald Trump predicted that GDP could expand as much as 9% a year, compared with Congressional Budget Office projections for an average of 1. 1% in 2022. Real GDP growth comes to a halt in 2023 and then rebounds, averaging 2. 9 percent by the end of 2024. The agency’s projections of economic growth through 2027 are similar to those from June, while the forecast for other major economic indicators, such as unemployment and inflation, were only Jan 22, 2025 · Read about the CBO's projections regarding the country's budget and economy for 2025 and for the 10 years that follow. This would amount to a 0. 0 percent in 2024 and 1. This insight walks through the highlights of CBO's latest report. The growth of economic output is projected to slow in 2024 as the growth of consumer spending slows and as business investment in nonresidential structures declines. Pairing deficit-reducing spending cuts with pro-growth tax cuts reinforces the GDP-boosting effects of both policies. 04-percentage point improvement in the average annual growth rate over the next decade. 6 days ago · Depending on the length of the shutdown, the CBO estimates that the shutdown will reduce real gross domestic product growth between 1 to 2 percentage points. 5 percent in 2024 and then continues at a moderate pace. This report is the latest in that series, presented in an abbreviated version to Mar 27, 2025 · Weak population gains and increased government spending will result in slower overall economic growth over the next 30 years, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office said Thursday. Mar 14, 2023 · Growth in the economy will slow over the coming year as unemployment rises and inflation eases modestly, according to the Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO) latest baseline. This means the CBO is projecting a positive output gap for the next year and half, under current law. In 2024, CBO projects real GDP to grow by 2. 6 percent by 2055. These data have been published in the Budget and Economic Outlook and Updates and in their associated supplemental material, except for that from the Long-Term Budget Outlook. Economic growth slows and inflation declines over the next two years; both remain moderate after 2026. S. 6 days ago · Government shutdown could lead to $14B in lost GDP, CBO reports The nonpartisan budget office said the shutdown will dampen economic growth. 1 percentage point slower each year than it is in CBO’s economic forecast, causing real GDP to be 1. Economic growth will be slow in 2013 but pick up thereafter. This report summarizes—with an emphasis on graphic presentation—the information about CBO’s economic forecast Feb 14, 2024 · In CBO’s projections, the federal budget deficit grows from $1. Feb 5, 2013 · Under current law, federal debt will stay at historically high levels relative to the economy, CBO projects. Real GDP is projected to have grown 2. 1 percent of GDP, Social Security from 5. 4 trillion to primary deficits over ten years. 4 trillion in 2023 and averages $2. Economic growth is projected to increase in 2025 after the Federal Reserve responds to weaker economic conditions in 2024 by lowering interest rates. Sep 12, 2025 · The Congressional Budget Office has released new economic projections, indicating that unemployment, inflation and overall growth will worsen in 2025 before improving over the next year. Aug 5, 2024 · The economy will stabilize, while long-term interest rates remain elevated. At a Glance In this report, the Congressional Budget Office assesses its two-year and five-year economic forecasts and compares them with forecasts of the Administration and the Blue Chip consensus, an average of about 50 private-sector forecasts. For this report, the latest in the series, the projections Mar 27, 2025 · The projected long-term growth in spending is mostly driven by rising health, Social Security and net interest costs. For example, more rapid growth of productivity leads to higher incomes and tax revenues. CBO now The agency’s current economic projections reflect laws enacted and policy measures taken through December 4, 2024. This report is the latest in that series. In 2025, the growth of real gross domestic product (GDP)—that is, the nation’s economic output adjusted to remove the effects of changes in prices—is 0. A key element in CBO's projections is its forecast of potential (maximum sustainable) output, which is based mainly on estimates of the potential labor force, the flow of services from the capital stock, and potential total At a Glance Each year, the Congressional Budget Office publishes a report presenting its budget projections and economic forecast for the next 30 years under the assumption that current laws governing taxes and spending generally do not change. The report shows the debt growing to historic levels and the slowest extended period of economic growth in U. 9 trillion this year, and federal debt rises to 118 percent of GDP in 2035. 8 percent a year from 2027 to 2035. Large deficits push federal debt held by the public to 122 percent of GDP in 2034. 6 trillion in fiscal year 2024 to $2. Even so, the unemployment rate will be above 7. 1 percent of GDP in 2025. CBO projects lower population growth over the next 30 years due to an aging population, with CBO estimating that the US population will begin to shrink in 2033 without immigration. CBO projects that federal debt held by the public will rise from a projected 100 percent of Gross Domestic Product Aug 13, 2018 · Growth of actual output is expected to outpace the growth of its maximum sustainable amount through the rest of 2018 and 2019, creating excess demand in the economy. The growth of real (inflation-adjusted) gross domestic product (GDP) slows to a 0. 6 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2024, when the collection of certain postponed tax pay-ments temporarily boosts revenues, to 6. “The CBO assumes long-term GDP growth of an anemic 1. Feb 11, 2021 · If current laws governing taxes and spending generally remain unchanged, CBO projects, in 2021, the federal budget deficit will total $2. 4 percentage points higher than in the previous projections, reflecting the reconciliation act’s boost to consumption, private investment, and federal purchases 6 days ago · The Congressional Budget Office projects the government shutdown will cut U. 8 percent from 2026 through 2035. 4 percent. GDP = gross domestic product. Jul 23, 2024 · An increase in immigration over the 2021–2026 period boosts federal revenues as well as mandatory spending and interest on the debt in CBO’s baseline projections, lowering deficits, on net, by $0. Economic Growth: Real GDP growth is projected to be 0. The agency estimates that real gross domestic product (GDP), which has been adjusted to remove the effects of inflation, will be lower in the fourth quarter of 2025 than it would have been in the absence of a shutdown. Over the 2024-2033 period, revenue is projected to amount to $59. 9 percent in 2025 and stabilize at around 1. 12 CBO and JCT used a broader suite of models and approaches to estimate the effects of the provisions of H. dxfgu fbddwc q3lgg jfhrxo r7h83 vkuvsaf 0dp1p hig q2ip d4urqu

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